Surfactant Replacement Therapy: Benefits and Risks
نویسندگان
چکیده
Surfactant deficiency at birth makes it difficult for the newborn to inflate its lungs. As the infant makes increasingly vigorous attempts to ventilate noncompliant lungs, delayed adsorption of lung fluid, pulmonary edema, extravasation of plasma proteins into air spaces, and lung injury occur, which cause progressive respiratory distress. Intratracheal administration of surfactant into the infant's lungs is a reasonable approach to replenish the missing surfactant. Exogenous surfactant preparations of various types have now been evaluated in treatment of established respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and to prevent its development. Since our initial report in 1980 (1), there have been a number of controlled studies reporting the efficacy of surfactant preparations of various types, and other trials are ongoing around the world. The prospect of surfactant therapy for premature infants is now reaching an exciting stage. This chapter provides an overview of the available surfactant preparations for clinical use, the currently reported results, the clinical implications of such therapy on the course of RDS, and some risk versus benefit considerations.
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